The LaTeX command for sqrt (√) is \sqrt{x} (square root).
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Write \sqrt{x} inside math mode, that is between $…$ for inline math or in a \[ … \] or equation block for display math. It is part of core LaTeX math, so no extra package is required.
In display math \sqrt{x} takes its full size; inline it shrinks to fit the line, and \displaystyle forces the large form. With unicode-math under XeLaTeX or LuaLaTeX, typing √ in a formula gives the same symbol.
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Use \sqrt{x} in math mode; it needs no extra package. For example, $\sqrt{x} f(x)$.
None: \sqrt{x} is built into LaTeX, so no extra package is required.